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Diabetes 1.5/español


Diabetes tipo 1.5 o LADA.


 En esta ocasión hablaré sobre otro tipo de diabetes, esta es la diabetes tipo 1.5 o LADA.

¿Qué es?

La diabetes 1.5 es uno de los nombres que ahora se están utilizando para aquellos casos de pacientes adultos a los que se le diagnostica diabetes y no precisan al principio de insulina para su tratamiento y generalmente no tienen sobrepeso y no tienen o tienen muy poca resistencia a la insulina.

También se conoce frecuentemente como diabetes LADA que corresponde a las siglas en inglés de diabetes autoinmune en adultos “Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults”, es definida como un trastorno autoinmune genético.

En este tipo de diabetes el sistema inmunológico de estos pacientes no reconoce a las células beta del páncreas, las que se encargan de producir insulina y las ataca. En los pacientes que padecen de LADA, este ataque ocurre lenta y progresivamente.

Del 15 al 20% de las personas diagnosticadas con diabetes tipo 2 en realidad tiene diabetes tipo 1.5. Generalmente son mal diagnosticados, porque se trata de personas adultas y al principio suelen responder a los tratamientos con antidiabéticos orales debido a que todavía producen una cantidad suficiente de insulina.



Síntomas.

Se manifiesta con características de diabetes tipo 1 y diabetes tipo 2, pero a diferencia del tipo 2 "no hay forma de prevenir o evitar LADA, pero sí evitar sus complicaciones".

  • Síntomas clásicos al momento del diagnóstico (sed intensa, orina frecuente, pérdida de peso no deseada). 
  • Se presenta en menores de 50 años al momento del diagnóstico. 
  • Peso normal, con un índice de masa corporal menor de 25. 
  • Historia personal de otra enfermedad autoinmune (enfermedad de la tiroides, artritis reumatoide o enfermedad celíaca). 
  • Historia familiar de diabetes tipo 1 u otras enfermedades autoinmunes.

Tratamiento.

Una vez diagnosticada la diabetes tipo LADA, se debe tratar con insulina, ya que el cuerpo del paciente comienza a atacar las células beta del páncreas que producen insulina hasta el punto que las destruye por completo. Además de hacer ejercicio y llevar una buena alimentación.


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