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Variantes de la diabetes tipo 1

La diabetes tipo 1 y sus variantes.

 


Hace algunos años atrás cuando comencé con este blog, escribí sobre la diabetes y también sobre mi historia al ser diagnosticada con diabetes tipo 1, en esta ocasión quiero compartir con ustedes las variantes o la clasificación que existe dentro de este tipo de diabetes.

 

Conceptos.

Antes de entrar de lleno con las variantes creo es importante que se recuerden los conceptos de diabetes y diabetes tipo 1:

Diabetes mellitus: es una afección crónica que aparece cuando el páncreas no es capaz de producir suficiente insulina o cuando el organismo no consigue utilizar la insulina que produce. Se caracteriza fundamentalmente por la presencia de elevadas concentraciones de glucosa en sangre (hiperglucemia).

Diabetes tipo 1: es una enfermedad autoinmune, en la que las células productoras de insulina son atacadas y destruidas: las células beta del páncreas. Al carecer de insulina no se puede realizar correctamente el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono, grasas y proteínas. Mejor conocida como diabetes mellitus insulinodependiente o juvenil.

 

Variantes de la diabetes tipo 1.

Teniendo estos dos conceptos ahora continuemos con las variantes que se presentan dentro de la diabetes tipo 1.

En la diabetes tipo 1 se distinguen dos variantes fundamentales:

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1a, que es de origen autoinmune y la diabetes mellitus tipo 1b, de carácter idiopático.

Diabetes autoinmune: es un desorden autoinmune en el cual el sistema inmune del cuerpo ataca las células beta del páncreas que producen insulina. Este es el tipo más común de diabetes de tipo 1 y resulta de la interacción de factores ambientales y genéticos.


Diabetes idiopática de tipo 1: esto se refiere a formas infrecuentes de la enfermedad para las que no existe causa conocida. Se presenta insulinopenia inicial, tendencia a la cetosis o cetoacidosis, en los que no se encuentran datos de autoinmunidad. La diabetes idiopática es más frecuente en la población de afroamericana, asiática e hispana estadounidense.


Es muy importante saber que el origen y las causas de la diabetes mellitus pueden ser muy diversos, pero conlleva la existencia de alteraciones en la secreción de insulina, de la sensibilidad a la acción de la hormona, o de ambas en algún momento de su historia natural.

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